¹ Jung, C.G. (1959/1978), “The shadow”, in Aion: Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self, 2nd edition, CW 9, ii, Translated by R.F.C. Hull, Bollingen Series XX, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, page 10.

² Squires, W.E., Smith, C.J., McDougall, L., and Yeack, W.R. (2003), Inside Arthur Andersen: Shifting Values, Unexpected Consequences, FT Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle
River, NJ, page xiii.

³ Matte, G. (2001), “A psychoanalytical perspective of humor,” International Journal of Humor Research, Vol. 14 o. 3, pp. 223-241.

⁴ Srivastva, S., Obert, S.L. and Neilsen, E.H. (1977), “Organizational analysis through group process: A theoretical perspective for organization development”, in Cooper, C.L. (Ed.), Organizational Development in the UK and USA: A joint evaluation, PBI Books, New York, NY, pp. 83-111, page 98.

⁵ Slater, P.E. (1966), Microcosms: Structural, Psychological and Religious Evolution in Groups, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.

⁶ Lyth, I. (1960), “A case-study in the functioning of social systems as a defence against anxiety: A report on a study of the nursing service of a general hospital”, Human Relations, Vol. 13, pp. 95-121.

⁷ Berger, P.L. (1974), Pyramids of Sacrifice: Political Ethics and Social Change, Basic Books, New York, NY, page 5.

⁸ “The puer figure — Baldur, Tammuz, Jesus, Krishna — brings myth into reality, presents in himself the reality of myth that transcends history. His message is mythical, stating that he, the myth — so easily wounded, easily slain, yet always reborn — is the substructure of all enterprise. Traditional initiation of the puer by the positive senex confirms this relation to the archetype. Some substitutes for initiation — and analysis can be one — may instead sever this relation [to enterprise].” Hillman, J. (2005), Senex & Puer, Slater, G. (Ed.), Spring Publications, Putnam, CN, page 53.

⁹ Srivastva, S., Obert, S.L. and Neilsen, E.H. (1977), “Organizational analysis through group process: A theoretical perspective for organization development”, in Cooper, C.L. (Ed.), Organizational Development in the UK and USA: A joint evaluation, PBI Books, New York, NY, pp. 83-111, page 98; Hillman, J. (2005), Senex & Puer, Slater, G. (Ed.), Spring Publications, Putnam, CN, pages 56-58.

¹⁰ Anderson, M. (2008), Vanishing act, Think, The Magazine of Case Western Reserve University, Fall/Winter, pp. 20-25.

¹¹ In the myth, the group sacrifice in most versions occurred every 7 years. A Great Year occurs when the start of the moon and sun cycles coincide every 19 years on Jewish and Greek calendars. That’s because around 432 BC, the astronomer Menton of Athens introduced 7 leap months into the Greek calendar. He had discovered, that by adding these leap months and extending 19 years to 19 years and 7 months, you get how often the start of the matriarchal cycle of the moon and the patriarchal cycle of the sun coincide. However over time, the Moon takes slightly longer to orbit the Earth as it moves away at about 3.8 centimeters a year, or the length of a football field since 432 BC. (The Moon moves away as it picks up the angular momentum lost by the Earth due to the tidal bulges caused by its gravitational pull on the Moon. This slightly decreases the accuracy of Menton’s 7 leap months that he introduced into the Greek calendar.)

¹² BBC. (2006), (PBS Airdate 16 October 2007, NOVA), “Ghost in your genes”, Holt Productions LLC. Ehrenreich, B. (1997), Blood Rites: Origins and History of the Passions of War, Metropolitan Books, New York, NY. Yehuda, R. and Lehrner, A. (2018), “Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: Putative role of epigenetic mechanisms”, World Psychiatry, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 243-257.

¹³ Jacques, E. (1986), A General Theory of Bureaucracy, Heinemann, Portsmouth, NH USA and Gower, Hampshire, England, page 127 for structural collapse and page 153 for the levels of resource commitments and for the underlying 20 year cycle of institutional creation; Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>. Hillman, J. (2005), Senex & Puer, Slater, G. (Ed.), Spring Publications, Putnam, CN, page 54.

¹⁴ Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>, pages xxx, 1, 6, 70, 132, 134, 155, 180 and 194.

¹⁵ The statistical significance of responsibility (p = .001) for the proportional change in angular momentum multiplied by 2pi is equal to the statistical significance of authority (p = .006) for the proportional quantum of action. In light of the unavoidable uncertainty in Heisenberg’s principle and in the electromagnetic wave, these relationships can be summarized as follows: the remote possibility (1 out of 1000 times = 1/.001) that the sine wave for responsibility in a (2pi) cycle occurs randomly, when authority is imaginary, is equal to the 1 out of 167 times = 1/.006 that a jump in the sine wave for authority to the next higher energy level (which in a management hierarchy is to the next lower level) occurs randomly, when responsibility is random. Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>.

¹⁶ Rogers, C. (1951/2021), Client-Centered Therapy: Its Current Practice, Implications, and Theory, 70th anniversary edition, Robinson Books, Columbia, MO. Farber, B.A., Suzuki, J.Y. and Ort, D. (2022), Understanding and Enhancing Positive Regard in Psychotherapy: Carl Rogers and Beyond, American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.

¹⁷ Powers, W.T. (1973), Behavior: The Control of Perception, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY; Glasser, W. (1986), Control Theory in the Classroom, Harper & Row, New York, NY; Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>.

¹⁸ History of the Universe. (2025), (October 11), “Did We Just Discover The Universe’s Greatest Weakness?”, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNgEMyTxB8E>.

¹⁹ Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>, the diagram on page 13 on the diagram of the standing wave of resource time-span commitments, page 159 with the diagram of Elliott Jaques’ time spans of resource commitments and the missing Midlevel at n = 6.

²⁰ Rosenblum, B. and Kuttner, F. (2011), Quantum Enigma, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, page 250.

²¹ Deming, W.E. (1982), Out of the Crisis, MIT Center for Advanced Educational Services, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

²² Turing. (2025), (June 24), “Complete Quantum Mechanics in Every Day Language”, viewed 12 November 2025, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?=JtKzXn_Gkw0&t=4s>.

²³ Jaques, E. (1972), The Measurement of Responsibility: A Study of Work, Payment, and Individual Capacity, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, page 63 on “mutually contradictory” evaluation criteria, pages 44 and 67 on time spans of resource commitments of two days or less focused on avoiding mistakes.

²⁴ Odenwald, S. (2013), “If the speed of light is a constant, why is it slower in glass and water?”, Special & General Relativity Questions and Answers, Stanford University, viewed 26 August 2013, <http://einstein.stanford.edu/content/relativity/q2097.html>.

²⁵ Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>, page 59. In this right triangle at 60° with a sine of  = 0.866 and a cosine of  = 0.500, the cosine has the higher velocity (v ) of 0.866 with the radius of 1.000 for a constant electromagnetic speed (c ) in the Lorentz transformation of 1 divided by  for a greater dilation of time with the cosine than with the sine.

²⁶ Freud, S. (1920/1961), Beyond the Pleasure Principle, Translated by J. Strachey. W. W. Norton & Company, New York and London; Faulkner, J. (2005), “Freud’s concept of the Death Drive and its relation to the Superego”, Minerva – An Internet Journal of Philosophy, ISSN 1393-614X, Vol. 9, viewed 27 May 2017, <http://www.minerva.mic.ul.ie/vol9//Freud.html>.

²⁷ Surowiecki, J. (2004), The Wisdom of Crowds, Doubleday, New York, NY, page 10.

²⁸ Moley, R. (1962), The American Century of John C. Lincoln, Duell, Sloan and Pearce, New York, NY, pages 81, 91-92; Jaques, E. (1999), “Basic requirements for effective hospital organization”, Working Paper #1013, Cason Hall, <https://www.requisite.org/library/#workingpapers>.

²⁹ Hillman, J. (2019), (June 28), “Myth and the world around us”, viewed 4 February 2024, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHQfqs72qz0>.

³⁰ McRoberts, F. et al. (2002). ‘A Final Accounting: The Fall of Andersen: Greed Tarnished Golden Reputation,” Chicago Tribune, September 1, 2002, section 1, page 1-1.1.

³¹ Blue, T.R. (2024), Tool Making to Making Time, a textbook, <https://blueorganizational.com/books/>, page 2.

³² Al-Kalili, J. (2023), (November 15), “Order and Disorder – Part 1, The Story of Energy”, <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AwlBQ-qCEtg&t=4s>.

³³ Jaques, E. M.D. PhD, (1995), “Why the psychoanalytical approach to understanding organizations is dysfunctional”, Human Relations, Vol. 48 No. 4, pp. 343-349, page 344.

³⁴ Crespi, B, Read, S., Salminen, I, and Hurd, P. (2018), “A genetic locus for paranoia”, Biology Letters, Vol. 14 No. 1, <https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsbl/article/14/1/20170694/50499/A-genetic-locus-for-paranoiaGenetics-of-paranoia>.

³⁵ Yehuda, R. and Lehrner, A. (2018), “Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: Putative role of epigenetic mechanisms”, World Psychiatry, Vol.17 No. 3, pp. 243-257, page 243, doi: 10.1002/wps.20568. PMID: 30192087; PMCID: PMC6127768, <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30192087/>.

³⁶ American Society for Quality. (2026), “Cost of quality (COQ)”, viewed 1 January 2026, <https://asq.org/quality-resources/cost-of-quality>.

³⁷ Lean Enterprise Institute. (2026), viewed 1 January 2026, <https://www.lean.org/>.

³⁸ Peck, M.S. (1993), A World Waiting to Be Born: Civility Rediscovered, Bantam Books, New York, NY.

³⁹ Glasser, W. (1986), Control Theory in the Classroom, Harper & Row, New York, NY; Powers, W.T. (1973), Behavior: The Control of Perception, Aldine de Gruyter, New York, NY.

⁴⁰Appel, J. (2023), (June 9), “The classic principle of least action now exists in the quantum realm: Whew. Now we don’t need new physics”, Popular Mechanics, viewed 7 January 2026, <https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a43981125/principle-of-least-action-demonstrated-in-quantum-realm/>.